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It regulates emotion, memory, motivation and stress. The limbic system is the center of emotion, social behavior and attachment.

The brain stem is the most primitive part, and it controls basic states of arousal, alertness and physiology (think heart rate, breathing, body temperature). The human brain is composed of three distinct but intersecting areas - brain stem, limbic system and neocortex - a triune brain. The social world of the child during the first 45 months (9 months in the womb, three years after birth) determines how the brain and mind are formed and how well they work. A child’s environment consists primarily of close emotional relationships - and these attachments are the most important social factor affecting the developing brain. This partnership in your genes and your environment is at the core of who you become. Nature supplies the blueprint or potential, and nurture is the architect that determines the final result. Development is a result of both nature (biology and genetics) and nurture (experience and environment).

We now know this is not an either-or question. There has been an ongoing debate - commonly known as “nature versus nurture” - about the influence of genetics or environment on a child’s development. So while the brain evolves throughout a lifetime, the relationships formed in early childhood are most important to shaping the brain’s development and behavior. It is fully developed by around the age of 25. We now know, our brains continually develop new connections, and that experiences change our brain’s chemistry, structure and genetic expression throughout life.Īt the same time research shows, a child’s brain grows at the quickest rate during the first three years of life and reaches 75 percent of its adult size by the third or fourth year. Recent research has thoroughly debunked the concept that the brain is a self-contained, hardwired machine that is unchangeable after childhood. Thanks to advanced technology, scientists have learned more about its inner workings over the last two decades than throughout all of history. With 20 billion neurons, two million miles of neuronal fibers, 100 billion cells, and trillions of connections, we have just begun the journey of understanding the brain. The human brain is the most complex structure known to man.